اسپیکینگ آیلتسEnvironment
سوالات اسپیکینگ آیلتس دربارهی محیط زیست (Environment)
محیط زیست یکی از موضوعهای همیشگی پارت ۳ اسپیکینگ و Task 2 رایتینگ است. داوطلب‌های ایرانی این‌جا یک مزیت دارند: آلودگی هوا، کم‌آبی و خشک شدن دریاچه‌ها مثال‌های واقعی و آشنا هستند. فقط باید لغتهای دقیقش را بلد باشی.
- ۹ سؤال با جواب نمونه
- کیو کارت پارت ۲
- ۸ لغت کلیدی
مسیر این درس۶ بخش
پارت ۱: سؤال‌ها و جواب نمونه
پارت ۱ چهار تا پنج دقیقه طول می‌کشد و سؤال‌هایش دربارهی زندگی روزمره‌ی خودت است. جواب ایده‌آل دو تا سه جمله است: جواب مستقیم، یک دلیل و یک جزئیات.
1Do you care about the environment?
Sample answer
Yes, more than I used to. Growing up in Tehran, I've seen how bad the air can get in winter, so for me it's not an abstract issue. It directly affects my health and my family's.
2What do you do to protect the environment?
Sample answer
Small things, mostly. I use the metro instead of taking a taxi whenever I can, I carry a reusable water bottle and I try not to waste water at home. I know it's not much, but if everyone did the same, it would make a difference.
3Is recycling common where you live?
Sample answer
It's getting more common. There are separate bins for dry waste in some neighbourhoods now, and some people collect plastic and paper to sell. But I'd say most households still throw everything into the same bag.
4Do you like spending time in nature?
Sample answer
I love it. Whenever I get the chance, I go to the forests in the north or the mountains near Tehran. Even a few hours outside the city makes me feel calmer.
5Is air pollution a problem in your city?
Sample answer
Unfortunately, yes, a serious one. On some winter days the pollution is so bad that schools and offices are closed, and you can hardly see the mountains, even though they're right next to the city.
پارت ۲: کیو کارت
یک دقیقه برای یادداشت‌برداری وقت داری و بعد باید یک تا دو دقیقه دربارهی کارت حرف بزنی. جواب نمونه‌ی زیر ۲۳۱ کلمه است؛ تقریباً همان مقداری که در دو دقیقه با سرعت طبیعی گفته می‌شود.
Part 2 · Cue card
Describe an environmental problem in your area.
You should say:
- what the problem is
- what causes it
- how it affects people
- and explain what could be done about it
قبل از خواندن جواب نمونه، خودت امتحان کن: یک دقیقه یادداشت بردار و دو دقیقه با صدای بلند حرف بزن. بعد جوابت را با نمونه مقایسه کن.
Model answer
The problem I'd like to talk about is air pollution in Tehran, which is where I live. It's not a problem all year round, but in late autumn and winter it can become really serious.
There are several causes. The main one is traffic: there are millions of cars and motorbikes on the roads, and many of them are old and inefficient. Industry around the city adds to it. On top of that, Tehran is surrounded by mountains, so on cold days with no wind, the polluted air gets trapped over the city and can stay there for days.
The effects on people are very noticeable. On bad days you can actually smell the pollution, and a lot of people get sore throats or headaches. It's particularly dangerous for children, elderly people and anyone with breathing problems, which is why the authorities sometimes close schools. It also affects daily life in less obvious ways; for example, people avoid exercising outdoors in winter.
As for solutions, I think the most effective one would be to improve public transport so that people have a real alternative to driving. The metro has expanded a lot, but it's still very crowded at rush hour. Replacing old buses and motorbikes with electric ones would help too. And finally, stricter checks on car emissions would stop the most polluting vehicles from being on the road at all.
چرا این جواب کار می‌کند؟
- چهار بولت کارت به چهار بند روشن تبدیل شده و هر بند با جمله‌ای شروع می‌شود که می‌گوید دربارهی کدام بولت است (There are several causes، As for solutions).
- علت‌ها با The main one is… و On top of that مرتب شده‌اند؛ این عبارت‌ها طبیعی‌تر از firstly و secondly تکراری‌اند.
- در راه‌حل‌ها از would استفاده شده (would help، would stop). وقتی پیشنهاد می‌دهی، would لحن را مؤدبانه‌تر و فرضی‌تر می‌کند.
پارت ۳: سؤال‌های بحث
پارت ۳ از تجربهی شخصی به موضوعهای کلی‌تر می‌رود. ممتحن نظر و دلیل می‌خواهد، پس جواب‌ها بلندترند: نظرت، دلیل، مثال و گاهی طرف مقابل ماجرا.
1Who is more responsible for protecting the environment, governments or individuals?
Sample answer
Both, but I think governments carry more responsibility, because they can make changes on a much larger scale. One person using less plastic is good, but a law that limits factory emissions affects millions of people. Individuals do matter, though, because governments usually act when enough people demand it.
2Are people more aware of environmental problems than in the past?
Sample answer
Definitely. Twenty years ago few people in Iran talked about things like water shortages, but now they're discussed everywhere, partly because people can see the effects themselves, for example rivers and lakes drying up. Awareness doesn't always lead to action, however.
3Should companies that pollute the environment pay higher taxes?
Sample answer
I think that's fair. If a company damages the air or water, society ends up paying the cost through health problems, so the company should contribute. Higher taxes can also push businesses to invest in cleaner technology, as long as the money is actually spent on environmental projects.
4How can cities encourage people to use public transport?
Sample answer
The most important thing is to make it reliable and comfortable. People won't leave their cars at home if buses are late and the metro is overcrowded. Cities can also make driving less attractive, for example by charging drivers to enter the city centre, which Tehran already does to some extent.
لغات کلیدی این موضوع
| لغت | معنی | مثال |
|---|---|---|
| air pollution | آلودگی هوا | Air pollution is a serious problem in winter. |
| emissions | آلاینده‌های خروجی | Old cars produce high emissions. |
| public transport | حمل‌ونقل عمومی | Better public transport would reduce traffic. |
| to cut down on | کم کردن مصرف چیزی | We should cut down on single-use plastic. |
| reusable | قابل استفاده‌ی دوباره | I carry a reusable water bottle. |
| water shortage | کم‌آبی | Many cities are facing a water shortage. |
| to raise awareness | آگاهی‌بخشی | Campaigns can raise awareness among young people. |
| sustainable | پایدار | We need more sustainable ways of farming. |
اشتباه‌های رایج فارسی‌زبان‌ها
غلط:The pollution in Tehran is very high.
درست:Air pollution in Tehran is very bad.
برای آلودگی معمولاً bad یا serious می‌گوییم و در مفهوم کلی the لازم نیست.
غلط:We must to protect nature.
درست:We must protect nature.
بعد از must فعل ساده بدون to میآید.
غلط:There are many environment problems.
درست:There are many environmental problems.
قبل از اسم صفت لازم است: environmental.
پرسش‌های متداول
دربارهی مسائل سیاسی مثل تحریم حرف بزنم؟
لازم نیست. ممتحن نظر سیاسی نمیسنجد. بهجایش روی اثر مسئله بر زندگی روزمره تمرکز کن؛ هم امنتر است و هم لغتهای بیشتری به کار میبری.
اگر اطلاعات علمی دقیق ندارم چه کنم؟
نیازی به آمار دقیق نیست. تجربهی شخصی مثل تعطیلی مدرسه بهخاطر آلودگی یا قطعی آب تابستان، از عدد و آمار قانعکنندهتر است.
لغتهای این موضوع در رایتینگ هم به کار میآید؟
بله. محیط زیست از موضوعهای رایج Task 2 رایتینگ هم هست و همین لغتها و ایدهها را آنجا هم میتوانی به کار ببری.